The invention relates to a quick recovery system and a quick recovery method for a video stream transcoding fault, and belongs to the field of multimedia transmission technology. The quick recovery method comprises the steps that: 1. a control module uses a transcoding parameter as input to start a transcoding process and obtains a PID value of the process; and then the control module uses a monitoring parameter as the input to start a monitoring process; 2. in an execution process of a transcoding task, the transcoding process periodically communicates with the monitoring process; 3. if the transcoding process stops working, the monitoring process will close the transcoding process and attempt to restart the transcoding task for multiple times; and 4. in the case of multiple times of restart failure of the transcoding process, the monitoring process closes the transcoding process and terminates. By adopting the quick recovery system and the quick recovery method provided by the invention, a video stream processing system has better adaptive capacity on a fluctuating network environment and non-standard input audio and video stream; and compared with the existing video stream processing system, after the method provided by the invention is adopted, the reliability of the video stream processing system can be obviously improved, and the user experience can also be obviously perfected.