The invention provides a one-way bypass screw drilling tool, which mainly comprises a bypass valve assembly realizing one-way bypass, a motor assembly, a universal shaft assembly and a transmission shaft assembly, wherein the bypass valve assembly realizing one-way bypass comprises a bypass valve and a one-way valve; the bypass valve mainly consists of a valve body, a valve core, a large spring, a valve opening, a clamp spring and a retainer ring; the one-way valve comprises a body, a valve rod, a small spring and a screw cap; the one-way valve and the bypass valve are mutually matched and connected; connecting external screw threads are arranged on the outer pipe wall of the body of the one-way valve; connecting internal screw threads are arranged on the inner wall of the valve opening of the bypass valve; the one-way valve is arranged on the valve opening of the bypass valve through the connecting internal screw threads and the connecting external screw threads, so that the one-way valve is arranged in the valve opening of the bypass valve; an outer opening of the one-way valve is directly communicated and connected with an outer opening of the valve opening of the bypass valve; and an inner opening of the one-way valve is directly communicated and connected with an inner opening of the valve opening of the bypass valve. The one-way bypass screw drilling tool has the advantages that the one-way bypass is realized; the structure is simple; the reliability is high; the service life can be prolonged; the pipe tripping is reduced; and the drilling cost is reduced.