The invention discloses a temperature-based method and system for setting charging current of a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps: when detecting that the mobile terminal is connected with a charger, setting a working mode into a first working mode; regularly obtaining current battery temperature, and carrying out charging current setting according to the current battery temperature and the working mode; when the charging current is set every time, recording current time, setting the working mode into a second working mode when a time difference between two adjacent charging current setting points is smaller than a first time threshold and the current working mode is the first working mode; and when the second working mode runs over a preset time period, setting the working mode into the first working mode. The temperature-based method and system aim at solving the problems that the mean charging current within a period of time is still high due to frequently setting low and normal current when the temperature is near a set high-temperature threshold, so that the risk of charging in a high-temperature environment to the battery is reduced; and the safety is improved.