The invention discloses a method for recycling vanadium and silicon through asynchronous conversion of silicate vanadium ores and belongs to the field of mineral processing. The method is suitable for various silicate mineral resources such as stone coal and clay and is a method in which a silicate mineral is subjected to low-concentration alkaline leaching and high-concentration alkaline leaching for silicon recovery, the level is improved, and the vanadium is recovered through further leaching. The method is mainly and technologically characterized in that the silicate vanadium ores are finely ground till 200-mesh ores account for over 80%, ground ore samples are subjected to high-temperature high-pressure leaching through low-concentration alkaline liquid and then filtered, and filtrate is collected for manufacturing sodium silicate with the modulus m larger than or equal to 2; and filter residues are subjected to high-temperature normal-pressure leaching through high-concentration alkaline liquid, leaching liquid is used for low-concentration alkaline leaching, leaching residues are filtered and dried, high-level concentrate powder is obtained, leaching is further performed, and therefore valuable metal is recycled. The method is used for treating high-silicon-vanadium ores such as the stone coal and the clay, the vanadium recycling rate can be over 85.4%, the silicon use rate can be over 89%, and the sodium silicate with the modulus larger than or equal to 2 can be obtained. An economical and efficient treatment method is provided for comprehensive recycling of the silicate vanadium ores.