The invention discloses an exchange power control method and device during a microgrid accessed to a power distribution network. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a predetermined access mode adopted by the microgrid accessed to the power distribution network, wherein predetermined access mode comprises a low-voltage T access mode, a low-voltage dedicated access mode and a high-voltage dedicated access mode; acquiring an energy running mode after the microgrid is accessed to the power distribution network, wherein the energy running mode comprises a local microgrid power supply mode of the microgrid and an energy interaction mode of the power distribution network; and controlling exchange power between the microgrid and the power distribution network according to the predetermined mode adopted by the microgrid accessed to the power distribution network or the energy running mode after the microgrid is accessed to the power distribution network. By the method, the problems of high difficulty in load demand forecast, low system stability and high difficulty in network rack optimization caused by exchange power unbalance after the microgrid is accessed to the power distribution network are solved.