The invention discloses a vertical brushing type toothbrush. The vertical brushing type toothbrush comprises a toothbrush handle and a bristle plate, wherein the bristle plate is detachably arranged at a first end of the toothbrush handle; the inside of the toothbrush handle has a hollow structure; a spring barrel, a rotating rod, a straight-tooth cylindrical gear, a connecting rod and a crank are sequentially arranged in the toothbrush handle in the direction from a second end to a first end; the spring barrel comprises a spring coil, a spring handle and a spring gear; a second end of the rotating rod is meshed with the spring gear through gear teeth; a first end of the rotating rod is provided with a disk type gear which is meshed with the straight-tooth cylindrical gear; a second end of the connecting rod is fixed on the straight-tooth cylindrical gear; a first end of the connecting rod is connected with a second end of the crank via a hinge; and a first end of the crank is connected to the bristle plate. A spring driving device drives a gear set to rotate so as to drive the connecting rod and the crank to move, and the bristle plate can linearly move in the reciprocating mode in a T-shaped groove along the direction perpendicular to the length of the toothbrush handle. The vertical brushing type toothbrush is simple in structure and safe and comfortable to use, and can protect gingivae well.