The invention relates to a multifunctional drainage catheter provided with a locking device and capable of being washed in a closed recirculation mode. The multifunctional drainage catheter comprises a catheter body, wherein a base is arranged on the catheter body, and a winding disc is arranged on the base; a locking wire is connected to the front end of the catheter body, one end of the locking wire is connected with the front end of the catheter body, the front end of the catheter body is of a bendable structure, and the front end of the catheter body can be driven to be bent and then wound around the winding disc by pulling the other end of the locking wire; a locking sliding sleeve is arranged on the catheter body, and the locking sliding sleeve slides towards the rear end of the catheter body to lock the winding disc and slides towards the front end of the catheter body to unlock the winding disc; a flow valve is arranged at the rear end of the catheter body and comprises a valve handle, and the valve handle is connected with the winding disc in a clamped mode; an infusion device is also connected to the catheter body through a positive-pressure connector. The locking sliding sleeve is of an airtight structure no matter a drainage catheter connector is in the locked state or non-locked state, and seepage and ectogenic retrograde infection are avoided. The flow valve can be closed so as to prevent a drainage implant from overflowing during puncturing or cathetering, and the flow valve can be adjusted during washing so as to control the rate of effluxing washing fluid.