The invention relates to an ACFM-based chained rapid detection probe for surface defects. The ACFM-based chained rapid detection probe for surface defects is characterized by comprising a plurality of single-section detection probes and a plurality of shafts; all the single-section detection probes are connected in a rotating mode through the shafts to form the chained detection probe; each single-section detection probe comprises a hollow detection probe body, a partition plate, an upper cover plate, a lower cover plate, two supports and two rolling wheels, wherein the partition plate is longitudinally arranged inside so that the interior of the detection probe body can be partitioned into two independent spaces used for containing U-shaped magnetic cores, the upper cover plate is fixedly arranged at the top of the detection probe body, the lower cover plate is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the detection probe body, a plurality of detection coils are arranged on the inner side of the lower cover plate, the two supports are fixedly arranged on the two sides of the detection probe body respectively, and the two rolling wheels are connected to the two supports respectively. The ACFM-based chained rapid detection probe for surface defects is of a chained structure, the chain sections are flexibly connected and can rotate, and the ACFM-based chained rapid detection probe for surface defects can be widely applied to detecting surface defects of tubular or planar bodies of different diameters.