A rib constraint thin-walled steel pipe concrete structure is composed of longitudinal ribs (1), stirrups (2), a thin-walled steel pipe (3), core concrete (4) and steel ribs (5) and is characterized in that the longitudinal ribs (1) and the stirrups (2) are strapped or welded to form a rebar framework which is wrapped by the core concrete (4), the thin-walled steel pipe (3) is filled with the core concrete (4), the ratio of the outer diameter or the edge length of the thin-walled steel pipe (3) to the thickness is larger than or equal to 200, two or more steel ribs (5) are vertically arranged on the thin-walled steel pipe (3) at intervals, the steel ribs (5) are connected in a closed mode annularly along the cross section of the thin-walled steel pipe (3) by a circle, the steel ribs (5) and the outer wall of the thin-walled steel pipe (3) are connected into a whole, and the arrangement interval of the steel ribs (5) is not larger than the outer diameter or the edge length of the thin-walled steel pipe (3). According to the structure, blocking is changed into dredging, the area of the portion, capable of directly bearing vertical loads, of the steel pipe is reduced, the acting efficiency of steel materials is improved, and the rib constraint thin-walled steel pipe concrete structure is suitable for vertical load bearing components of various bridges and buildings.