The invention discloses a roll workpiece surface grinding and polishing all-in-one machine which comprises a roll grinder, a polishing device, an axial driving device and a radial driving device. The polishing device is mounted on one side of the roll grinder; the axial driving device can drive the polishing device to move in the axial direction of a roll; the radial driving device can drive the polishing device to be fed in the radial direction of the roll; at least one polishing head is arranged on the polishing device; the polishing head can make contact with the surface of the roll on the roll grinder. According to the roll workpiece surface grinding and polishing all-in-one machine, the roll is ground and polished through the roll grinder, the roll can be lifted and polished at a time, and disassembling, secondary lifting and secondary positioning of the roll are avoided; positioning errors are lowered, the surface machining precision is improved, the machining efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity of workers is lowered. Compared with original polishing equipment, the polishing device is simple in structure, equipment cost is greatly lowered, equipment energy consumption is lowered, the space occupied by the equipment is reduced, and the roll machining cost is lowered.