The invention discloses a device base on flexible abrasive particle flow and for polishing a vane wheel. The device comprises a base, a workbench, an electric motor, a bevel gear case, a bearing seat, an abrasive cylinder, an impeller, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic cylinder, a guide rail, a sliding rail, a servo motor, a servo motor supporting base, a clamp and the like. The device has the advantages that finish machining of turbine blades at present is mostly completed through center machining in the machining mode that the blades are subjected to point-line type machining one by one, and thus the machining efficiency is low; according to the device, the vane wheel rotates in liquid containing abrasive particles and curved-face type machining on the multiple blades can be conducted at the same time, so that the machining efficiency is greatly improved. The impeller is additionally installed at the bottom of the abrasive cylinder, and the rotation direction of the impeller is opposite to that of the vane wheel, and thus the abrasive particle flow is prevented from flowing in the same direction with the impeller along with the rotation of the impeller; the abrasive particles are prevented from sedimentating and kept in a suspension state, and the collision chance of the abrasive particles and the blades is greatly increased, so that the grinding machining efficiency is improved.