The invention discloses an instrument single-chip microcomputer work monitoring circuit and method. The circuit comprises a main chip and an auxiliary chip. At least one first reset circuit is arranged between the main chip and the auxiliary chip. A reset control end of the first reset circuit is connected with a reset trigger position of the auxiliary chip. An output end of the first reset circuit is connected with a reset end of the main chip. Data communication connection is established between the main chip and the auxiliary chip. The instrument single-chip microcomputer work monitoring circuit and method have the advantages that when an instrument is not mechanically damaged but only programs run away in the execution process, the automatic resetting of the single-chip microcomputer can be realized by the circuit and the method, and especially when a command of continue execution at a program run-away breakpoint is set in the program to be reset, the automatic starting of the instrument is realized, and the operation reliability of the instrument is improved.