The invention provides an overhead high-voltage power transmission line strain clamp current plate bolt tightening robot and a pose control method. The robot comprises a mobile robot platform, two operation mechanical arms, a bolt tightening tail end and two micro cameras arranged thereon, a bolt fixing tail end and two micro cameras arranged thereon. The two operation mechanical arms work collaboratively, and carry corresponding tail ends to specified work stations. The four micro cameras are combined pairwise, and respectively form a cross coordinate system layout so as to assist precise positioning of the bolt tightening tail end and the bolt fixing tail end. A bolt tightening operation robot pose control method, provided by the invention, is to simultaneously execute coordination control through the two operation arms. Therefore, in the invention, the whole robot structure is reliable, the pose control method is simple, and utility value is relatively high.