The invention discloses a robot positioning method comprising the steps that information of electronic tags is acquired according to two card readers arranged in the bottom part of a robot in advance in the process that the robot moves to a target position under a data coordinate grid environment established based on the electronic tags, and corresponding coordinate position information is acquired according to the information of the electronic tags; and the rotation angle and the rotation direction of movement of the robot are determined according to the coordinate position information and target position information, and movement of the robot is controlled according to the rotation angle and the rotation direction. The invention also discloses a robot positioning device. The rotation angle and the rotation direction of movement of the robot are determined according to the position information of the robot acquired by the two card readers so that positioning accuracy and reliability of the robot can be enhanced.