The invention discloses a remote sensing image alteration detection method comprising the steps that two time phase high-resolution optical remote sensing images X1 and X2 are obtained; image registration is performed on X1 and X2; radiation normalization correction is performed on X1 and X2 by utilizing a multivariate alteration detection method; alteration vector amplitude XM and spectral angle information XSA are respectively calculated according to X1 and X2 after radiation normalization correction; an optimal segmentation threshold T is calculated by utilizing the Bayes theory and an expectation maximization algorithm according to the XM; a pseudo training sample area is selected according to T and XM; XM and XSA are combined to act as input of a core FCM, and optimal model parameter value selection is performed on a core FCM combining spatial neighborhood information model according to the pseudo training sample area; and the alteration area and the non-alteration area of the optical remote sensing images are determined by adopting the method of core FCM combining spatial neighborhood information according to the selected optimal model parameter values. The remote sensing image alteration detection method is more robust and higher in precision.