The invention discloses an intelligent hybrid direct current power transmission system and a fault handling method. The fault handling method comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting the direct voltage and direct current of the hybrid direct current power transmission system, the alternating voltage of an alternating current power grid connected with an inversion converter station, and the sub module capacitor voltage of a voltage source type current converter in the inversion converter station; step 2, judging whether the hybrid direct current power transmission system is in fault or not according to the analog quantity collected in the step 1); and 3) if so, changing the power transmitted by a rectifying converter station, and concurrently changing the direct voltage generated by the inversion converter station and/or the alternating current output by the inversion converter station. The fault handling method can effectively solve the problem of the direct overvoltage caused by the fault of the alternating current power grid that is connected with the voltage source type current converter in the inversion side in the direct current power transmission system, so as to prevent the overvoltage of the direct current bus and the sub module capacitor; and in addition, the alternating current fault can be reliably handled so as to well protect the equipment safety.