The invention discloses a straw crushing and mulch recovering combined machine. The straw crushing and mulch recovering combined machine comprises a traction suspension mechanism (11), a main frame (13), a transmission mechanism (12), a straw crushing mechanism (21) and a straw throwing mechanism (22), wherein an on-mulch straw cleaning mechanism, a mulch picking mechanism and a mulch collecting mechanism are sequentially arranged behind the straw crushing mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the machine disclosed by the invention is particularly suitable for high-speed operation, and the higher the speed is, the better the mulch is recovered, so that effective combination of straw crushing and residual mulch recovering can be effectively achieved. In particular, the on-mulch straw cleaning mechanism is arranged behind the straw crushing mechanism to clean crop straws on the mulch, and a vibrating roll is arranged on a grid of a grid conveying device for vibration, so that the recovered residual mulch is good in completeness, the entrained impurities in the residual mulch are greatly reduced, and the difficulty of a subsequent treatment step after recovery of the residual mulch is effectively reduced, and therefore, the recycling cost of the residual mulch is lowered.