The invention provides a fibrous internal and external mineralized collagen scaffold and a preparation method thereof. The fibrous internal and external mineralized collagen scaffold material not only is approximate to natural osseous tissues on chemical composition but also simulates the generation process of natural osseous tissues on formation process as far as possible, so that a characteristic and periodic (D=67 nm) transverse position structure in collagen fibers. The novel biomimetic mineralized scaffold material is remarkably superior to a scaffold material prepared according to the traditional mineralizing method in in-vivo experiments (animal experiments), in-vitro experiments (cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation) and mechanical property experiments, thereby providing a new probability for repair of clinical osseous tissue defects in future and having a wider application prospect.