The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical oil production and particularly provides a huff-and-puff oil production device with an electric submersible reciprocating pump. The huff-and-puff oil production device comprises an underground automatic water injection switch (6) for realizing water injection and oil production channel switching and an electric submersible reciprocating pump, wherein a liquid outlet (9) in the upper end of the underground automatic water injection switch (6) is connected with an oil pipe (4), and a liquid inlet (10) in the lower end of the underground automatic water injection switch (6) is connected with an oil outlet in the upper end of an electric submersible reciprocating pump through the oil pipe (4). The huff-and-puff oil production device is free of repeatedly tripping and has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation flow, high construction efficiency, safety, environment friendliness, low risk and the like as comparison with the traditional huff-and-puff oil production process. In addition, due to the adoption of an electric submersible reciprocating pump (a linear motor) device adopted in a lifting way, underground driving link is omitted, the eccentric wear of pipe poles is eliminated, the maintenance-free period of an oil well is prolonged, the huff-and-puff oil production device is suitable for a well with low liquid quantity, and the economic benefit can be effectively increased.