The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle hovering precision measurement method based on binocular vision. The method comprises the following steps that in a calibrating stage, a camera is calibrated through a Zhang zhengyou chessboard calibration method to determine a calibration parameter to definite a calibration result parameter; in a positioning stage, when unmanned aerial vehicle hovering precision measurement is performed, a sliding rail is placed under an unmanned aerial vehicle hovering point, the binocular camera is fixed on the sliding rail in parallel according to a set distance and can move in the direction of the sliding rail, camera lenses are vertically and upwards placed, the two camera imaging planes are located at the same plane, and the optical axes of the camera imaging planes are parallel to each other; a left-eye camera body and a right-eye camera body collect unmanned aerial vehicle images and transmit the images to a computer; the computer calculates the three-dimensional position coordinates of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to the left-eye images, the right-eye images and the calibration result parameter; after hovering is finished, the hovering precision is calculated according to the three-dimensional track of the unmanned aerial vehicle. The method has the advantages that target detecting, tracking, precise matching and three-dimensional positioning of the unmanned aerial vehicle are achieved.