The invention discloses an aerial image-based hidden target analysis method and system. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining visible images through aerial photo during the polling; recognizing a pole-containing target image in the visible images; detecting an insulator string in the pole-containing target image; detecting a hidden target in the area of the target image above the insulator string; and carrying out insulator string flashover influence analysis on the detected hidden target. According to the scheme, the pole-containing target image is recognized, the pole-containing target image is selected, and the hidden target is detected and analyzed through detecting the insulator string on the basis of the screened target image, so that fast screening can be carried out on a large number of polling aerial images, and the efficiency of recognizing and analyzing the hidden target is improved; and compared with the prior art, the scheme has the advantage that the both correctness and efficiency of recognizing and analyzing the hidden target are remarkably enhanced.