The invention discloses a telegraph pole righting device capable of being rapidly assembled on spot for emergency maintenance. The telegraph pole righting device comprises a transversely arranged base, the two ends of the base are provided with a rear limiting device and a front limiting device respectively, a swing cylinder capable of swinging front and back is hinged to the interior of a support segment of the base, a support device is installed in the swing cylinder in an inserted mode, the support device is tightly locked with the upper middle segment of a telegraph pole through a hinged locking device capable of swinging up and down, the power input end of the support device is in drive connection with a power device through a bendable drive hose, a handle is further fixedly arranged on a supporting seat, and an outward extending protective cover is fixedly arranged at the inner end of the handle. The telegraph pole righting device capable of being rapidly assembled on spot for emergency maintenance has the advantages that earth rockfill on the normal position side of the telegraph pole can be rapidly excavated, dust damage can be prevented, the telegraph pole can be rapidly righted, time and labor are saved, fixation is firm, the size is small and exquisite, carrying is convenient, the telegraph pole can be righted by one person independently, the righting efficiency is high, and fracture of the telegraph pole can be avoided.