The invention provides a single-barrel self-filtering temperature measuring type boiler which comprises a main cylinder body. The main cylinder body is sleeved with a vacuum sealing sleeve. An anti-vibration base is arranged at the bottom of the main cylinder body. Bottom wheels are arranged at the bottom of the anti-vibration base. A bottom heating plate is arranged inside the main cylinder body. A bottom telescopic motor is arranged at the bottom of the bottom heating plate. The bottom telescopic motor is connected with a lower sucker arranged under the anti-vibration base through a bottom connecting rod. A lower hemispherical concave hopper is arranged on the bottom heating plate. A bottom rotating motor is arranged at the bottom of the lower hemispherical concave hopper. Two heating rod protrusions are arranged on the upper portion of the lower hemispherical concave hopper. A return pipe is arranged at the top end of the interior of the main cylinder body. The return pipe is sleeved with a heating copper wire. The bottom of the return pipe is communicated with sucking devices through sucking pipes. An internal camera is arranged on the side end face of the interior of the main cylinder body. The internal camera is electrically connected with a communication device arranged on the outer end face of the main cylinder body. The side end face of the main cylinder body is communicated with a feeding pipe.