The invention relates to a device for testing the mechanical response of surrounding rock and an anchoring body under the action of a dynamic load and a static load. The device comprises a frame and an arc-shaped channel located in the frame, wherein a lower support plate used for supporting the arc-shaped channel is arranged under the arc-shaped channel, and the lower end of the lower support plate is connected with a bottom support plate; the arc-shaped channel comprises a sample channel body located in the middle of the arc, a left channel body and a right channel body, the left channel body and the right channel body are located on the left side and right side of the sample channel body, a top end limiting plate is arranged above the sample channel body, an impact load loading device is arranged on the outer side of the top end limiting plate, a left force transmission plate and a right force transmission plate are arranged in the left channel body and the right channel body respectively, the right end of the left force transmission plate and the left end of the right force transmission plate are connected with the left end and right end of the sample channel body respectively, and the left end of the left force transmission plate and the right end of the right force transmission plate are connected with a left loading device and a right loading device respectively. By the adoption of the device, the practical working environment of the surrounding rock and the anchoring body can be accurately simulated, and the processes of fracture evolution of the surrounding rock and the anchoring body under the action of the dynamic load and the static load can be directly observed and tested.