The invention relates to the field of research on operation and maintenance management of extra-high/ultrahigh voltage power equipment, and particularly refers to a risk-based operation and maintenance management system of 750kV power equipment. The system comprises an operation check data acquisition module and an operation check data risk analysis management platform; the operation check data acquisition module is provided with a communication device of operation and maintenance data of the power equipment and a processing device of the data; the operation check data risk analysis management platform is provided with a power equipment type division module, a power equipment risk analysis module, an operation and maintenance management measures suggestion module, a data storage module and a display module; and the operation check data acquisition module is correspondingly connected with the operation check data risk analysis management platform. According to the invention, based on the characteristics of a 750kV power grid, such as large operation and maintenance diameter and poor geological conditions, a risk analysis-based operation and maintenance management solution of the 750kV power equipment is provided, differentiated patrolling, operation and maintenance of a 750kV transformer are realized, work quality and work efficiency of on-site operation and maintenance are improved, and safe and reliable work of the power grid is realized.