The invention provides a circulating water cooling quick ingot casting device, comprising a pulley trolley capable of being pushed and pulled, an iron box, a flat plate cover assembly, a trumpet-shaped cylindrical casting steel mold and a tapered funnel; the iron box is placed on the pulley trolley capable of being pushed and pulled; the flat plate cover assembly is composed of two cover plates, and a hole allowing the trumpet-shaped cylindrical casting steel mold to pass through is formed in the middle, and handles are arranged on the two cover plates, respectively; the flat plate cover assembly covers the iron box; the trumpet-shaped cylindrical casting steel mold passes through the hole in the flat plate cover assembly and is vertically placed inside the iron box; a neck portion of the trumpet-shaped cylindrical casting steel mold is fitted with the hole of the flat plate cover assembly; and the tapered funnel is placed on an upper opening of the trumpet-shaped cylindrical casting steel mold. The circulating water cooling quick ingot casting device is capable of quickly preparing cast ingots; the device is simple in structure, easy to manufacture, small in floor area, simple and convenient to operate and low in cost, and has a great cooling intensity to make a crystallization speed of cast ingots higher, thereby improving the compactness and the quality of the cast ingots; further, cast ingot specifications can be changed easily, and more steel molds are configured, so that the use efficiency of the steel molds can be improved.