The invention discloses an anti-inflammation active component group of a stomatitis clearing preparation and an analysis method. Fingerprint characteristic spectra of the component group are constructed and are applied to detecting the quality of the stomatitis clearing preparation. The analysis method which is a quality detecting method particularly includes detecting the quality of the stomatitis clearing preparation by the aid of a detection index which is anti-inflammation efficacy; uniformly designing difference samples with different component proportions; acquiring fingerprint characteristic data of the difference samples by the aid of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS (ultrafast liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) technologies; acquiring anti-inflammation activity data of the preparation. The relevance between chemical components of the difference samples and the efficacy is comprehensively analyzed by the aid of the mathematical statistics method, accordingly, 29 anti-inflammation efficacy active components can be determined, and the fingerprint characteristic spectra of the component group can be constructed. Compared with the prior art, the anti-inflammation active component group and the analysis method have the advantages that the active component group is analyzed on the basis of the relevance between the spectra and the efficacy, accordingly, the quality of raw medicinal materials, semi-finished products and finished products can be directly, objectively, scientifically and comprehensively monitored in production procedures, and the effectiveness and the quality consistency of the products can be guaranteed.