The invention discloses a hydrogen fluoride recycling and treatment device for electrolytic fluorine production cathode tail gas, characterized by comprising a pressure stabilizing unit, a recycling unit, a purifying unit and a burning unit. Cathode tail gas produced by an electrolytic cell is delivered to the pressure stabilizing unit through a line for buffering, the cathode tail gas subjected to pressure stabilization is subjected to hydrogen fluoride condensation and recycling by the recycling unit, the cathode tail gas subjected to hydrogen fluoride recycling is delivered to the purifying unit by a cyclone fan and is subjected to cyclic sprinkling by an alkaline liquid to absorb residual hydrogen fluoride, the cathode tail gas subjected to sprinkling washing is delivered to the burning unit and is discharged aerially after being burned. Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of treatment process simplicity, high resource recycling rate, low treatment cost, great reduction in environmental pollution, ability of recycled hydrogen fluoride to serve as a raw material for electrolytic fluorine production, and great improvement in resource effective utilization; the hydrogen fluoride recycling and treatment process has great industrial value.