The invention discloses a hydrogen present processing method for residual oil under the action of ultrasonic wave. The method adopts an autoclave as a reactor, and combines ultrasonic wave with residual oil hydrogenation technology. The method includes the steps of: putting residual oil as a reaction raw material into the high pressure reaction kettle; starting an ultrasonic emission device, conducting heating, and introducing hydrogen into the reaction kettle; further performing heating, and maintaining a constant temperature; stopping heating, and introducing high pressure hydrogen gas; taking a gaseous product and a liquid product from a product tank, and taking out a solid product from the autoclave. The method provided by the invention can reduce the yield of gaseous product and coke in the reaction process, improves the yield of light component liquid product, speeds up the reaction rate, shortens the reaction time, and reduces the reaction energy consumption and equipment investment.