The invention discloses a damping device and an elevator. The damping device comprises a mandrel, a damping mechanism, an elastic pressure counteraction part and a support mechanism, wherein the damping mechanism and support mechanism are respectively sheathed on the mandrel; the support mechanism comprises a first support part and a second support part; the elastic pressure counteraction part is arranged between the first support part and the second support part; the damping mechanism comprises a first damping element and a second damping element which are connected with each other; and the first support part is arranged between the first damping element and the second damping element, and respectively abuts against the first damping element and the second damping element. The damping device sufficiently and comprehensively utilizes the advantages of the elastic pressure counteraction part, the first damping element and the second damping element, and thus, has lower K value and high durability. The damping device has the advantages of adjustable K value, compact structure and favorable damping effect.