The invention discloses a thermocouple multi-point temperature measurement device comprising at least two thermocouple wires and a casing. The casing has a first end and a second end which face each other in the axial direction of the casing. The side wall of the casing is provided with at least two lead-out holes, and the at least two lead-out holes are spaced apart in the axial direction of the casing. One end of each thermocouple wire passes through the casing and is led out of the outer wall of the casing through the corresponding lead-out hole, the led-out thermocouple wire section is used as a temperature measurement section and extends in a direction roughly perpendicular to the axial direction of the casing, and the diameter of the thermocouple wires is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the lead-out holes. The invention further relates to a simulated pressure reactor comprising a simulated pressure reactor vessel, multiple electric heating rods, and at least one thermocouple multi-point temperature measurement device, wherein the axial direction of the casing of each thermocouple multi-point temperature measurement device is parallel to the axial direction of the vessel, and the casing of each thermocouple multi-point temperature measurement device is disposed in the gap between adjacent electric heating rods.