The invention provides a method for detecting short circuit fault data based on a wavelet analysis. The method includes the steps of: performing singular point detection by using the wavelet analysis; extracting a fault point, performing noise reduction treatment on a signal to be detected; obtaining fault point neighborhood waveform based on the wavelet analysis; performing short circuit fault judgment and location by using waveform data; judging whether a short circuit fault happens or not and the level and phase of the short circuit fault; calculating power fall down generated before and after the short circuit fault happens; judging a short circuit branch; and finally storing short circuit determination information, a short circuit time and the short circuit waveform for retrieval and check and host communication transmission. The method for detecting the short circuit fault data based on the wavelet analysis realizes the short circuit fault detection, and judges the fault level, the fault phase and the fault branch.