The invention discloses a self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor of a wound rotor. The self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor comprises a shell, a stator winding, a stator iron core, a rotating shaft, a rotor winding, a rotor iron core and a permanent magnet, wherein the permanent magnet is arranged on an iron core body between rotor slots; supporting columns are uniformly arranged on the outer circumferential surface of the rotating shaft; key slots are formed in the outer circumferential surfaces of the supporting columns, are the same as key slots in the inner circumferential surface of the rotor iron core, which are in mutual key matching; a wire outlet end of the rotor winding is connected with a brushless loop-free starter or is connected with an external resistor through a slip ring and a carbon brush. The self-starting permanent-magnet synchronous motor disclosed by the invention has the outstanding advantages of large starting torque, small starting current, high force-energy index, strong pull-in synchronization ability and strong magnetism of the permanent magnet.