The invention relates to a device for cleaning the inner wall of an elliptical pipeline. The device comprises a motor, a center rotary shaft, rotary wheels, guide wheels and a cleaning component; the cleaning component includes inserting rods which are installed on the rotary wheels in a matched manner, intermediate connection components which are fixedly and integrally installed onto the inserting rods, and cleaning heads installed on the intermediate connection components, wherein the cleaning heads are provided with hard hair brushes. The motor drives the center rotary shaft to rotate; the center rotary shaft transfers power to the rotary wheels; the rotary wheels rotate so as to drive the cleaning component installed thereon to rotate; and the movement trajectories of the cleaning heads of the cleaning component are ellipses similar to the inner wall of a cleaned elliptical pipeline; and when rotating, the hard hair brushes on the cleaning heads clean contamination on the inner wall of the pipeline.