The invention discloses a preparation method of an antibacterial and high-temperature-resistant cellulose acetate material and belongs to the field of cellulose acetate materials. A TiO2 photocatalytic antibacterial agent added to the material has high photocatalytic activity, and is high in antibacterial capacity, lasting in broad spectrum, good in chemical stability, safe, non-toxic and non-irritating to skin, silver nitrate is added to a solution directly, nano-silver supported on fibers is obtained through electro discharge treatment and doped in TiO2, the interaction force between silver ions and carbon-based oxygen atoms in cellulose acetate can be weakened in the presence of TiO2, so that the heat stability of cellulose acetate is improved, a synergistic antibacterial role is played, the antibacterial capacity is improved greatly, and the cellulose acetate prepared with the electrostatic spinning method finally has the high specific surface area and porosity and has the performance superior to that of traditional antibacterial materials.