The invention relates to the technical field of marine environment simulation test equipment, and in particular to a vertical simulation device and a simulation method of submarine environment spilled oil. The vertical simulation device of submarine environment spilled oil comprises a main body water channel, wherein a fixed chassis is arranged at the bottom of the main body water channel; a support frame is arranged at the internal bottom of the main body water channel; an ejector is arranged on the support frame; an oil dispersant nozzle is arranged above the right side of the support frame; a laser particle instrument is arranged at the middle part of the main body water channel above the ejector; an oiling unit connected with an inlet of the ejector is arranged on the external left side of the main body water channel; an oil dispersant injecting unit is arranged on the external left side of the main body water channel above the oiling unit; a lifting high-speed camera system is arranged on the external right side of the main body water channel; all the laser particle instrument, the oiling unit, the oil dispersant injecting unit and the lifting high-speed camera system are connected with a controller. The vertical simulation device of submarine environment spilled oil is scientific in design, and capable of simulating the vertical migrating and diffusing process regularities of submarine spilled oil and other pollutants in water body at different injecting speeds and simulating the existing mechanism and conditions of submerged oil contaminates.