The present invention discloses a cable anti-theft assembly based on triboelectricity. The cable anti-theft assembly comprises a protected cable, a friction generation component which is adjacent to the protected cable, comprises a friction generation interface, and can generate an electric signal under the action of a theft external force, a signal processing module which is connected to the friction generation interface and can monitor the electric signal generated by the friction generation component and analyzes and processes the electric signal so as to output a cable theft signal, an outer sheath layer which coats the protected cable and the friction generation component. According to the cable anti-theft assembly based on triboelectricity, the friction generation component can be used as a sensor to sense an external force and generates a sensing signal under the effect of the external force, the sensing signal triggers an alarm device to alarm, and thus the alarming function of the cable is realized.