The invention discloses a temperature sensor-based adjustable temperature control system, which comprises a liquid storage tank, a main liquid transport tube, one-way constant displacement hydraulic pumps, a one-way variable displacement hydraulic pump, auxiliary liquid transport tubes, heaters, condensers, knockouts and a flow divider; the liquid storage tank is hermetically connected with the main liquid transport tube and the auxiliary liquid transport tubes; the main liquid transport tube is provided with the one-way variable displacement hydraulic pump and a plurality of temperature sensors; the tail end of the main liquid transport tube is connected with the flow divider; each auxiliary liquid transport tube is provided with the corresponding one-way constant displacement hydraulic pump, the corresponding heater, the corresponding condenser and the corresponding knockout; the main liquid transport tube is connected with the auxiliary liquid transport tubes, and a plurality of auxiliary liquid transport tubes are arranged; the liquid storage tank, the heaters, the condensers and the temperature sensors are electrically connected with FXG. According to the temperature sensor-based adjustable temperature control system disclosed by the invention, by adopting two sets of temperature regulation and control equipment and tertiary temperature sensing equipment, liquid temperature is rapidly controlled to be within a set interval so as to ensure sustainability of subsequent production; a whole process is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) module, therefore manual intervention is little, and a work flow is very short.