The invention relates to the technical field of liquid pressure energy recovery, and discloses a pressure energy recovery device based on reciprocating liquid switches. The pressure energy recovery device comprises a first switch and a second switch which are connected by a pressure exchange pipeline set, wherein the first switch and the second switch have the same structure, and respectively comprise a cylinder body and an inner core; and the inner core is assembled in the cylinder body, and can reciprocate between the initial position and end position. The switching of the positions of the inner core is implemented to circularly adjust the type of liquid introduced into the pressure exchange pipeline set, thereby achieving continuous transmission and recovery of the liquid pressure energy. The pressure energy recovery device has the advantages of simple and compact structure, wide throughput range, high adaptability, controllable pressure recovery process, low pressure loss of the liquid passing through the recovery device, and high pressure energy recovery efficiency. Besides, the liquid blending of the pressure energy recovery device occurs in the channel, pressure exchange pipeline set and other pipelines in the inner cores of the liquid switches, with low blending rate.