The invention discloses a test system for three-dimensional simulation of roadway surrounding rock rupture. A plurality of annular loading air bags are uniformly arranged on a test platform, and are connected in order to form a circular channel, a simulating rock stratum made of a similar material is paved in the circular channel, the simulating rock stratum is internally provided with a plurality of sensors, two ends of the circular channel are respectively provided with organic tempered glass, one of the organic tempered glass is provided with a tunneling port doubling as a roadway, each annular loading air bag is provided with an air inlet pipeline and an air outlet pipeline, the air inlet pipeline is communicated with an air injection port of an air pressure-loading device, and the air outlet pipeline is communicated with a return air port of the air pressure-loading device. The annular loading air bags are utilized for three-dimensional simulation of the actual stress condition of roadway surrounding rock, the roadway surrounding rock deformation condition can be observed visually through the organic glass, the test system is simple to operate, the authenticity of simulation is improved, and real data can be obtained to restore real coal mining. The test system has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, etc.