The invention discloses a method combining hyper-spectrum and wavelength modulation for simultaneous measurement of high-temperature gas two-dimensional transient temperature field and concentration field. The method includes: arranging a laser array in a to-be-measured high-temperature area, and conducting hyperspectral scanning on the to-be-measured area to obtain water vapor absorption spectral line information, and carrying out demodulation with a digital phase lock technology to obtain each harmonic signal, then conducting background deduction first harmonic normalization processing, extracting the maximum amplitude value of the signal to measure regional temperature field and water vapor concentration field, and during measuring, conducting grid discretization treatment on the to-be-measured area, arranging laser beam at each row and each column of the grid to conduct broad spectrum scanning on the characteristic spectral line of the to-be-measured gas under a wavelength modulation mode, and using intelligent optimization algorithm to realize inversion of the temperature field and gas concentration field. The measurement method provided by the invention combines hyper-spectrum and wavelength modulation spectroscopy technologies, and is especially suitable for monitoring of high-temperature gas two-dimensional temperature field and concentration field on harsh industrial sites.