The embodiment of the invention discloses a photographing method and a photographing device based on screen light compensation and a mobile terminal. The method comprises the steps of when monitoring that a screen light compensation a photographing event is triggered, controlling a first display area in the middle position of a screen to compensate light with first luminance, and controlling a camera to capture a first image; controlling a second display area in the periphery of a screen to compensate light with second luminance, and controlling a camera to capture a second image, wherein the second luminance is higher than the first luminance; combining the first image with the second image, and then generating a photograph. By using the photographing method provided by the embodiment of the invention, light compensation and image capture are respectively performed on a human face and a background in a framing range, the photograph synthesized according to the two captured images is reasonable in luminance distribution, the photographing effect based on screen light compensation can be effectively improved, and the user experience can be enhanced.