The invention discloses a simplified fertilization based banana cultivation method. The method comprises the steps of variety selection, soil preparation, planting, simplified fertilization, field management, pest and disease damage control, fruit harvesting and the like. According to the simplified fertilization based cultivation method, the fertilization frequency is reduced to 5 times from 15-20 times in the past and the labor cost is reduced by more than 300 yuan per mu; the problem in matching between nutrient application and banana nutrient demand can be solved, plants are promoted to grow buds and produce fruits in advance, the banana growth time is shortened, the picking time is more intensive, and bananas can be on the market 10-15 days ahead; and meanwhile, the banana yield is increased and the method is a new cultivation mode for increasing the yield and benefit of the bananas.