The invention provides a peanut seed specific promoter AHSSP1 and application thereof. The promoter contains important RNA polymerase binding sites TATA box and CAAT box and a specific RY element of the seed promoter. A downstream gene AHSSP1 driven by the promoter is detected through RT-PCR, it is found that the gene is expressed in mature seeds but is not expressed in roots, stems and leaves of a mature plant, and it is indicated that the AHSSP1 is the peanut seed specific promoter. An experiment further proves that the AHSSP1 can drive specific expression of a GUS reporter gene in the plant seeds. The clone identification of the obtained novel peanut seed specific promoter AHSSP1 has the important application value on improvement of the peanut seed kernel quality or a heterogenetic synthetic drug protein using peanut seed kernels as a 'bioreactor' and the like.