The invention discloses a high-rotation-speed screw pump. One end of a pump shell is connected with a filter, the upper portion of the filter is connected with a filter cover, and the upper portion of the pump shell is sequentially provided with a medium outlet and a medium inlet. A primary screw is disposed in the pump shell, a secondary screw is connected with the bottom of the primary screw, and a screw body of the primary screw is connected with a shaft sleeve in a sleeved mode. A mechanical seal is disposed between the primary screw and the shaft sleeve, and a pump sleeve is arranged between the pump shell and the shaft sleeve. A filter element is fixed into the filter through a filter element positioning sleeve, and an O-type sealing ring is embedded between the filter and the filter cover. When the screw pump works, impurities in media can be well filtered out, so that it is guaranteed that the pump efficiently works for a long time. Meanwhile, abrasion of all parts in the pump is greatly reduced, the service life is remarkably prolonged, and the sealing performance is remarkably improved.