The invention discloses a spiral rotating and rigid locking mechanism for a handgun. The spiral rotating and rigid locking mechanism is mainly characterized in that interval spiral locking and supporting teeth buckled mutually are arranged on an inner cavity of a bolt and the peripheral face of a barrel for spiral locking. Meanwhile, interval connected flap teeth buckled mutually are arranged at the front end of the inner cavity of the bolt and the peripheral face of a tubular protruding part of a barrel sleeve for locking. A spiral rotating boss is arranged at the rear end of the barrel. A spiral groove matched with the spiral rotating boss is formed in the upper portion of a connecting base and used for enabling the barrel to rotate or rotate back to be reset. The handgun adopting a locking mode is high in safety, good in speed reduction effect and beneficial to improving shooting precision and reliability and prolonging the service life, and recoil energy is adjustable.