The invention discloses a taking-out device and a taking-out method for blast hole blockage material. The device comprises a hole digging cylinder and a pushing rod, the hole digging cylinder is of a hollow tubular structure, one end of the hole digging cylinder is provided with a gap, the other end of the hole digging cylinder is connected to a handle, the handle is provided with a through hole, the pushing rod penetrates through the through hole of the handle and the hole digging cylinder, one end of the pushing rod is connected to a piston, the piston is arranged in the hole digging cylinder, and the other end of the pushing rod is connected to a top plate. According to the device, the blockage material in blast holes can be taken out safely and reliably in a time-saving and labor-saving mode.