The invention discloses a method for calculating the rock density based on scattering energy spectrum dual-energy windows and belongs to the technical field of physical properties of rocks. A device for measuring the rock density based on the scattering energy spectrum dual-energy windows is adopted to calculate the rock density, and firstly a scattering gamma-ray spectrum is recorded based on the principle that gamma rays and substance produce Compton scattering; the high-energy window and the low-energy window are selected, a simulation or graduation method is utilized to obtain the function relation of counting of scattering gamma rays of the high-energy window and the low-energy window and density response; the relation of the density measurement value correcting volume and the difference between density measurement values of the high-energy window and the low-energy window is further obtained to offset the interference of lithological characters to measurement results, and accordingly the density of a measured sample is accurately calculated. Compared with an existing radioactive method based substance density measuring technology, the method has the advantages of being accurate, quick and convenient to calculate, being not subjected to the influence of the lithological characters, and the like.