The invention discloses a light-guide concrete-based photovoltaic solar structure unit and a pavement construction method. The photovoltaic solar structure unit comprises a concrete substrate, a light converging part, an optical fiber, a protective cover and a photovoltaic solar panel, wherein the protective cover is located at the bottom part of the concrete substrate; a closed hollow cavity for placing the photovoltaic solar panel is formed between the protective cover and the concrete substrate; the light converging part is located at the top part of the concrete substrate; one end of the optical fiber is connected with the light converging part; and the other end passes through the protective cover and points at the photovoltaic solar panel. The pavement construction method comprises the following steps: (S1) prefabricating a plurality of photovoltaic solar structure units; and (S2) splicing the photovoltaic solar structure units into an overall pavement structure in order. The light-guide concrete-based photovoltaic solar structure unit has the advantages of good generating performance, high mechanical property, high construction efficiency, wide application prospect and the like.