The invention provides a bioluminescent fault imaging reestablishment method for directly fusing structure imaging, belongs to the field of medical image processing, aims to solve problems existing in an existing bioluminescent fault imaging reestablishment algorithm and provides a method for conducting BLT reestablishment by fusing other imaging modes; according to the method, reestablishment images obtained through a structure imaging mode serve as apriori information to calculate and obtain a self-adapting regularization matrix, and thus BLT reestablishment is achieved; firstly, the transmission law of light in biological tissues is stimulated based on a diffusion equation, and numerical solution is conducted through a finite element method; BLT reestablishment is conducted to achieve fusing structure imaging, the sparse characteristic of a fluorescent light source is considered, and a method capable of achieving fusing without partitioning structure image tissues is provided; to achieve the solution of the method, an iterative method based on Split-Bregman is proposed.